Comma splice
This is when you connect two independent sentences with a comma.
    I am the king of the world, nothing can hurt me.

Run-on sentence
This is when you connect two independent sentences without a comma or conjunction.
    I am the king of the world nothing can hurt me.

Sentence fragment
This doesn’t have even one independent sentence.
    All the kids in this school, between 2pm and 5pm.

Independent clause
A Sentence that can stand by itself. It contains at least one verb and one subject.
    I was eating.

Dependent clause
This provides additional information to a independent clause, but it can’t stand alone.
    when it was lunch time.